How do science concepts apply to your world? Here are some questions you'll be able to answer after you read this chapter.

• How is Earth's interior like a hard-boiled egg?
• What does a precious gem have in common with table salt?
• How can one kind of rock change into another kind of rock?
• Where is the longest mountain range in the world?
• Where was the largest earthquake ever recorded?
• Is there really a “Ring of Fire” around the Pacific Ocean?
• How were the Hawaiian islands formed?

How Are Rocks and Minerals Different?

Procedure

1. Place several mineral and rock samples on a flat surface that has been covered with newspaper. Use a hand lens to examine each sample closely. Describe the color of each sample and the appearance of any visible particles that make it up. Record your observations.
2. Place one mineral sample in a plastic bag and put the bag on the newspaper.
3. Gently tap the sample with a hammer until the sample breaks. CAUTION: Always wear safety goggles and a lab apron when breaking minerals and rocks. Use a hand lens to examine the texture and color of the pieces of the sample. Record your observations.
4. Repeat Steps 2 and 3 using the remaining mineral and rock samples.

Think About It

1. Comparing and Contrasting   Compare the texture and color of each unbroken sample with the texture and color of the broken pieces of that sample. What similarities and differences do you observe? Are these similarities and differences consistent for both types of samples?
2. Forming Operational Definitions   How would you define a mineral? How would you define a rock?