Key Terms

Use each key term below in a sentence that shows the meaning of the term.
1. Use the word city-state in a sentence that shows its meaning. Hint
2. Use the word polytheism in a sentence that shows its meaning. Hint
3. Use the word myth in a sentence that shows its meaning. Hint
4. Use the word empire in a sentence that shows its meaning. Hint
5. Use the word caravan in a sentence that shows its meaning. Hint
6. Use the word bazaar in a sentence that shows its meaning. Hint
7. Use the word code in a sentence that shows its meaning. Hint
8. Use the word cuneiform in a sentence that shows its meaning. Hint
9. Use the word monotheism in a sentence that shows its meaning. Hint
10. Use the word famine in a sentence that shows its meaning. Hint
11. Use the word exile in a sentence that shows its meaning. Hint
12. Use the word covenant in a sentence that shows its meaning. Hint
13. Use the word prophet in a sentence that shows its meaning. Hint
14. Use the word diaspora in a sentence that shows its meaning. Hint

Comprehension and Critical Thinking
15 (a). What is the Fertile Crescent? Hint
A. the symbol of Moses and his followers
B. a region that was the site of the first civilizations
C. a tool for harvesting grain
D. another name for the moon god that the Sumerians worshiped
15 (b). Explain the importance of the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers in the Fertile Crescent. Hint
15 (c). How did the geography of the Fertile Crescent help the Sumerians to prosper? Hint
16 (a). Which of the following was NOT a major empire in Mesopotamia? Hint
A. Assyria
B. Babylonia
C. Israel
D. New Babylonia
16 (b). Explain how Mesopotamia’s location shaped the development of its civilizations. Hint
16 (c). What patterns do you see in the rise and fall of the many civilizations in Mesopotamia? Hint
17 (a). What was Hammurabi’s Code? Hint
A. a promise that God made to the Israelites
B. the secret language spoken by Sumerian priests
C. a map that showed where to find gold and silver
D. a written list of laws, crimes, and punishments
17 (b). What was the purpose of Hammurabi’s Code? Hint
17 (c). What effect did Hammurabi’s Code have on future civilizations? Hint
18 (a). Who were the Phoenicians? Hint
A. people who built large temples called ziggurats
B. the people who enslaved the Israelites
C. the people who enslaved the Israelites
D. the kings and queens of New Babylonia
18 (b). Describe two cultural contributions of the Phoenicians and explain their importance. Hint
18 (c). How did the Phoenicians improve upon a Sumerian invention? Hint
19 (a). What was an important religious belief of the Israelites? Hint
A. that they were the chosen people of the one God
B. that they should look for work in Egypt
C. that they would never be conquered by any other nation
D. that they should follow Hammurabi’s code
19 (b). Describe two major events in the history of the Israelites. Hint
19 (c). Choose an event from the history of the Israelites and describe its importance. Hint

Skills Practice
20. Identifying Main Ideas In the Skills for Life Activity, you learned how to identify main ideas. You also learned how to summarize main ideas in a brief statement. Review the steps you followed to learn this skill. Then go to Section 3 and read the three paragraphs under the heading The Art of Writing. Identify the main ideas and then summarize them in a few sentences. Hint

Writing Activity: Math
21. Look at the map titled Greece, Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Nubia in the World Overview, which can be found in the Reference pull-down menu. According to the map key, how long is the time period assigned to ancient Mesopotamia? Write an explanation that describes how you arrived at your answer. Hint