Authors Randall I. Charles Janet H. Caldwell Mary Cavanagh Dinah Chancellor Alma B. Ramirez Warren Crown Jeanne F. Ramos Kay Sammons Jane F. Schielack Francis (Skip) Fennell William Tate Mary Thompson John A. Van de Walle     Consulting Mathematicians Edward J. Barbeau Professor of Mathematics University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada David M. Bressoud DeWitt Wallace Professor of   Mathematics Macalester College Saint Paul, Minnesota Gary Lippman Professor of Mathematics and  Computer Science California State University   Hayward Hayward, California Glenview, Illinois • Parsippany, New Jersey • New York, New York Sales Offices: Parsippany, New Jersey • Duluth, Georgia • Glenview, Illinois Coppell, Texas • Ontario, California • Mesa, Arizona Reading Consultants Peter Afflerbach Professor and Director of   The Reading Center University of Maryland College Park, Maryland Donald J. Leu John and Maria Neag   Endowed Chair in Literacy and Technology University of Connecticut Storrs, Connecticut Reviewers Mary Bacon Mathematics Specialist East Baton Rouge Parish    School System Baton Rouge, Louisiana Cheryl Baker Mathematics Teacher Norton Middle School Norton, Ohio Marcelline A. Barron Curriculum Leader Math and    Science, K–5 Fairfield Public Schools Fairfield, Connecticut Mary Connery-Simmons Mathematics Specialist Springfield Massachusetts    Public Schools Springfield, Massachusetts Anthony C. Dentino Supervisor of Curriculum Brick Township Schools Brick, New Jersey Dawn Evans Mathematics Teacher Bret Harte Elementary    School Chicago, Illinois Sam Hanson Teacher Totem Falls Elementary Snohomish, Washington Allison Harris Professional Development    School Coach Seattle Public Schools Seattle, Washington Pamela Renee Hill Teacher Durham Public Schools Durham, North Carolina Catherine Kuhns Teacher Country Hills Elementary Coral Springs, Florida Madeleine A. Madsen District Curriculum Resource Community Consolidated    School District 59 Arlington Heights, Illinois Lynda M. Penry Teacher Wright Elementary Ft. Walton Beach, Florida Deanna P. Rigdon District Math Curriculum    Specialist, Grades 3–4 Granite School District Salt Lake City, Utah Thomas Romero Principal Adams Elementary Wapato, Washington Wendy Siegel Mathematics Coordinator    K–12 Orchard Park Middle School Orchard Park, New York Sandra Smith Teacher Cheat Lake Elementary Morgantown, West Virginia Rochelle A. Solomon Mathematics Resource    Teacher Cleveland Municipal School    District Cleveland, Ohio Frank L. Sparks Curriculum Design and Support    Specialist, Secondary    Mathematics New Orleans Public Schools New Orleans, Louisiana Beth L. Spivey Lead Teacher, Elementary    Mathematics Wake County Public    School System Raleigh, North Carolina Paula Spomer Teacher Chisholm Elementary Edmond, Oklahoma Robert Trammel Math Consultant Fort Wayne Community    Schools Fort Wayne, Indiana Annemarie Tuffner Mathematics Lead Teacher,    K–12 Neshaminy School District Langhorne, Pennsylvania Judy L. Wright Curriculum and Staff    Development Specialist Columbus Public Schools Columbus, Ohio Theresa Zieles Teacher Indianapolis Public School 88 Indianapolis, Indiana ISBN: 0-328-03020-1 Copyright © 2004, Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permission(s), write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025. 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V057 09 08 07 06 05 04 03