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As the total kinetic energy of the particles in an object increases, the object gets warmer. Heat flows from a warmer object to a cooler one. |
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When Matter Gets Warmer |
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When you take a baked potato from an oven, the potato has kinetic energy while it is being moved. After you put the potato down, it still has a form of kinetic energy inside it. The atoms that make up the potato are always in motion. Each moving atom has a certain amount of kinetic energy. Thermal energy is the total of all the kinetic and potential energy of the atoms in an object. |
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When any form of matter gets warmer, the kinetic
energy of the atoms or molecules that make it up increases. The object’s thermal energy increases. |
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Thermal Energy and Phase Changes |
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On Earth, most matter exists as a solid, a liquid, or
a gas. A change in thermal energy can lead to a
change in phase. |
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When the thermal energy of a substance
increases,
its particles move faster. If the thermal
energy of a
solid increases enough, it melts into
a liquid. The liquid state of a substance always
has a higher thermal energy than its solid state. |
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This beaker contains liquid
water, ice, and a balloon
filled with air. All these
materials have a temperature
of 0°C. |
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