Scott Foresman Reading Street

Social Studies in Reading

	Examine features of narrative nonfiction.
	Practice a test-taking strategy.
	Compare and contrast across texts.

PREVIEW/USE TEXT FEATURES

As students preview "They Traveled with Lewis and Clark," have them read the introductory paragraph and subheads and examine the realistic illustrations. After they preview, ask:

Why do you think the author included bold subheads? (The subheads show the text is organized in two parts, and they identify the people described.)
How do the pictures add to your understanding of this text? (Possible response: They help me imagine what the people looked like and how they dressed.)

Link to Social Studies

Help students determine appropriate reference sources to use, such as atlases or official state Web sites.

Partner Reading, 65a

Writing

Grammar

Fluency

Imperative and Exclamatory Sentences, 65f

Review Word List, 65j

Draft and Revise, 65h

Spelling

Fluency and Language Arts

NARRATIVE NONFICTION

Use the sidebar on p. 62 to guide discussion.

Explain narrative nonfiction recounts a true event or series of events. Biography and history are types of narrative nonfiction.
Have students identify the clues that tell them this selection is narrative nonfiction. (Possible response: Lewis and Clark were real explorers; subheads show we're learning about real people; introductory note explains the subject of the selection.)
Ask students if this selection is biography, history, or both, and why they think so. (Possible response: It is both biography and history because it describes real people who were a part of the historic Lewis and Clark expedition.)

AudioText

Possible response: This text should be read slowly to make sure the reader understands historical facts about who the people are and why they are important.

Build Background Have students
share what they know about African Americans and Native Americans in
the United States during the early 1800s. Help students understand how York's and Sacagawea's lives were like and unlike the lives of white explorers.

They Traveled with Lewis and Clark by Elizabeth Massie

York was a member of Lewis
and Clark’s Corps of Discovery. He
was about the same age as William Clark. The two had grown up together. Both were brave and strong. But
there was one difference. Clark was
a free man. York was a slave.
York belonged to Clark.

Narrative
Nonfiction

Biography and history
are kinds of narrative
nonfiction.

Narrative nonfiction can
    give facts about a person
    and tell what he or she
    did in life.

Genre

Slaves had few rights. They
could not vote or carry guns. They were supposed to eat and sleep
apart from white people. Yet on
the journey west, York proved in
many ways that he was equal.

Do research to find out
what places in the West
have been named for
Sacagawea (sometimes
spelled Sacajawea). Write
about one of them.

Link to Social Studies

Realistic pictures give
    the reader an idea of
    what the historic
    person might
    have looked like.

Large, bold-faced
    subheads identify the
    historic person to be
    discussed.

A short introductory
    paragraph gives the
    reader a reason to
    read on.

Text Features

Some of the men could not
swim. York could. Clark’s journal describes how York swam into a
river to gather greens for dinner.
York hunted deer, buffalo, and elk.
He served as a scout. He cut
wood and cooked meals. He even cared for the other men when
they were sick.

Meriwether Lewis and William
Clark are known for exploring
the vast land between St.
Louis and the Pacific Ocean.
But they could not have
done it without the help
of others.

One day there was a heavy storm. The rain nearly washed Clark and others into the Missouri River. York thought they had been swept away.
He ignored his own safety

Based on your preview, how should this text be read?

Author’s Purpose

interpreted	translated from a foreign language
scout	person who is sent out to get information

Western Expansion

The Lewis and Clark expedition to the Pacific Coast and
back was sponsored by the U.S. government. President Thomas
Jefferson recruited Lewis and Clark for the job. Their diaries and
maps provided new and useful information about the West and
corrected misinformation about the region. Lewis and Clark's
expedition opened the door to western expansion of the United States. This expansion led to drastic changes for Native Americans. As more white settlers moved into the West, Native Americans were forced to relocate to reservations, a consequence that changed their way of life and, in some cases, threatened their very existence.