Scott Foresman Reading Street

SKILLS

STRATEGIES IN CONTEXT

Compare/Contrast Visualize

Test

Selection Test:
61–64, 65–68,
85–88;
Benchmark Test:
Unit 4

Reteach/
Review

TE: 4.2 197;
4.3 283; 4.4 415b, 439b, 499,
TR12, TR13;
4.5 559b, TR13
PB: 76, 106, 196

TE: 399, 407, 423, 431, 545, 549
PB: 153, 157, 158, 163, 167, 168, 213,
217, 218

Practice

TE: 4.4 392–393, 416–417; 4.5 538–539

Introduce/
Teach

Compare and Contrast

	Compare and contrast information in a text.
	Visualize to understand comparisons and contrasts.

INTRODUCE

Write the topic "Now and Long Ago." Ask how life today is different from or similar to life long ago. Display a T-chart with the headings Similarities and Differences, and record students' responses in the chart.

Have students read the information on
p. 538. Explain the following:

Comparing and contrasting involves looking for similarities, or ways that things are alike, and looking for differences.
Visualizing is a good way to notice similarities and differences.

Use Skill Transparency 22 to teach compare and contrast and visualize.

TEACH

SKILL Use paragraph 1 to model comparing and contrasting.

MODEL From the first few sentences, I can tell that archaeologists study things left by people in the past. That is how they are alike. A difference is that some archaeologists study people who left written records, while others study people with no written language.

STRATEGY Model visualizing to compare.

MODEL I can use details from the article and what I already know to visualize life long ago. I picture families living in houses, cooking food in pots and eating meals together. These are things that families still do today.

PRACTICE AND ASSESS

SKILL Comparison: People today
and in the past live in homes and
travel on roads. Contrast: Most
people today don't make their own
cooking pots or hunt their own
food.

STRATEGY Visualizations might include items of technology, such as computers and DVD players, that show how people today get information and entertain themselves.

WRITE Have students complete

steps 1 and 2 of the Write activity. You might consider using this as a whole-class activity.

then… use Practice Book p. 213 to provide additional practice.

If… students are unable to complete Write on p. 538,

Compare and Contrast

LOST CITY: The Discovery of Machu Picchu

Authors may use clue words such as like, as,
    and same to show similarities. They may use
    clue words such as but, unlike, and different
    to show differences.

To compare and contrast means to tell how
two or more things are alike and different.

Compare
and Contrast

by people who lived in the past. Some archaeologists
study people who left behind not only things, but
also written records. Others study people who had no
written language.

Archaeology is the
study of things left behind

Strategy Visualize
a place where an
archaeologist is
digging. How does
your mental picture of
the past compare with
an everyday scene
from your own life?

Skill What does one
type of archaeologist
do that the other does
not? Tell how the two
types are alike and
different.

With the passing of time, ancient places often are
covered over with layers of earth. The archaeologist
has to dig down to find the things people left behind.
These things give clues to how those people lived.

Strategy
Visualize

Skill
Compare
and Contrast

Strategy: Visualize

Similarities

Differences

Of course, the way we live today is often different
from how people lived long ago. Most of us don’t hunt
our food. We don’t make our own cooking pots or
dishes. But we do live in homes and travel on roads,
and we do keep written records. We will leave behind
these records for other people to read in the future. We
will leave behind many other things as well. All of these
things will help people understand how we lived.

People of all times and places have certain things
in common. For example, we all need to eat, and we
all need a place to live. So archaeologists look for
everyday things such as dishes, cooking pots,
arrowheads, and hunting knives. They also hope to
find things people built, such as houses and roads. Archaeologists study all of these things to try to
understand how people lived in the past.

Strategy What
will people in the
future discover about
the way we lived?
Visualize things they
might find that will
tell them about us.

Skill Compare and
contrast the way
many people live
today with how
people lived long ago.

Active readers transform the words on
the page into mental images. Visualizing
likenesses and differences between two
people or things that are being compared
is especially helpful. As you read, picture in
your mind new information that is coming
to you from the text.

2. Visualize yourself living in the
    distant past. On a graphic
    organizer, compare your life
    as it would have been then
    with how it is now. Write a
    paragraph comparing the two.

1. Read “Archaeology: Dig It.”
    Make a graphic organizer
    like the one above to show
    similarities and differences
    in how people live today
    and how they lived long ago.



	Close
	Access Content Beginning/Intermediate For a Picture It! lesson on compare and contrast, see the ELL Teaching Guide, pp. 148–149. Advanced Before reading “Archaeology: Dig It,” have volunteers explain the play on words in the title. In slang, dig means “understand” or “enjoy.” Compare and Contrast Place two objects in a bag for students to compare and contrast, such as a pen and crayon, a textbook and novel, or a hat and glove. Give a bag to each pair of students. One pair gives oral clues about their objects using words such as like or different, and the other pair tries to guess what the objects are. Skill Transparency 22 Practice Book p. 213 with \| without Answers