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AFTER READING
OBJECTIVES
Genre Summary
Writer's Craft Include
Necessary Information
Writing Trait Organization/Paragraphs
  • Identify the characteristics
    of a summary.
  • Write a summary of the
    selection that includes all
    the necessary information.
  • Focus on organization/
    paragraphs.
  • Use a rubric.
ELL
Organization/Paragraphs Make sure
English learners can decode words in
the prompt. Work with students to
complete a cloze sentence that
addresses the prompt and could be
used to launch writing (e.g., "Penguin
parents protect their chicks by ____.").
Writing Trait
FOCUS/IDEAS Only necessary
information is included in the summary.
ORGANIZATION/PARAGRAPHS
The summary is in time order.
The word Meanwhile makes a
smooth transition between
paragraphs.
VOICE Writing is clear. The writer
shows understanding of the selection.
WORD CHOICE The writer uses
time-order and transition words (finally, meanwhile) and strong verbs (slides, dives) to describe actions.
SENTENCES Use of both simple
and compound sentences creates clarity and interest.
CONVENTIONS There is
excellent control and accuracy.
DAY 1
Model the Trait
DAY 2
Improve Writing
DAY 3
Prewrite and Draft
DAY 4
Draft and Revise
DAY 5
Connect to Unit Writing
READING-WRITING CONNECTION
  • Penguin Chick tells how emperor penguins cooperate to raise young in the arctic cold.
  • The story relates the hatching of the egg and protecting of the baby over a period of months.
  • Students will write a summary organized in time order using only necessary information.
MODEL ORGANIZATION/
PARAGRAPHS Discuss Writing Transparency 6A. Then discuss
the model and the writing trait of organization/paragraphs.
Think Aloud The writer has organized the most important information in time order. The summary tells how the mother penguin returns to the sea to feed. A time-order word, meanwhile, signals what the father penguin does at the same time. The phrase after two months signals what happens next. Through the summary, time passes.
Writing Transparency
Writing Transparency 6A
with | without Answers
WRITER'S CRAFT
Include Necessary Information
Display Writing Transparency 6B.
Read the directions and work
together to summarize the main
idea of each paragraph in a
sentence or two.
Think Aloud CHOOSE THE MOST IMPORTANT INFORMATION
Tomorrow we will write a
summary of Penguin Chick. How could I summarize the main
idea of pp. 156–157? I might write,
"In the Antarctic, the father penguin warms the egg while the mother travels to the sea to find food." Including details such as how he scoops the egg onto his feet would add too much detail.
GUIDED WRITING Some students
may need more help including necessary information. Work with
them to summarize parts of
another expository nonfiction
selection.
Writing Transparency
Writing Transparency 6B
with | without Answers
READ THE WRITING PROMPT
on page 169 in the Student Edition.
Penguin Chick explains how
penguins protect their eggs and
their baby chicks.
Think about what happens as
penguin chicks hatch and grow.
Now write a summary of Penguin Chick.
Writing Test Tips
  • Explain the important things that happen between the time a female penguin lays an egg and the baby penguin grows up.
  • Include all necessary facts. Leave out minor details that describe these facts.
  • Use time-order words to make the sequence of events in the penguin's life clear.
GETTING STARTED Students can do any of the following:
  • List and number each major event in penguin life in the order in which it happens. Cross out any event that is not necessary.
  • Reread each paragraph and summarize it in a sentence.
  • Brainstorm vivid verbs to describe penguin actions at each stage of life.
EDITING/REVISING
CHECKLIST
  • Are all the important facts included in the summary?
  • Can any unnecessary details be deleted?
  • Do time-order words make
    the order of events clear?
  • Are V/CV and VC/V words
    spelled correctly?
See The Grammar and Writing Book, pp. 80–85.
Revising Tips
Organization/
Paragraph
  • Check whether the events are described in time order, starting with the first event and ending with the last.
  • Add time-order words such as first and next to make the sequence of events clear.
PUBLISHING Students can display their summaries along with drawings of different stages of a penguin's life. Some students may wish to revise their work later.
 
ASSESSMENT Use the scoring rubric to evaluate students' work.
Week 1
Summary
173g–173h
Week 2
Rules 197g–197h
Week 3
Problem/Solution
223g–223h
Week 4
Feature Story
249g–249h
Week 5
Explanatory
Paragraph
271g–271h
How-to Report
PREVIEW THE UNIT PROMPT
Think of something you learned or figured out how to do that involves a few simple steps. Write the steps in a how-to report. Make sure you provide all the necessary information.
APPLY
  • A how-to report explains the steps for making or doing something.
  • Provide all the necessary information in a how-to report so that readers can follow the steps.
Writing Workshop Summary
Trait of the Week
Organization/Paragraphs
 
   
Close  
Writing Trait Rubric  
4 3 2 1
Organization/
Paragraphs
Ideas well developed from beginning to end; strong closure
Ideas that progress from beginning to end; good closure
Some sense of movement from beginning to end; weak closure
No sense of movement from beginning to end or closure
Summary organized with exceptional logic
Summary organized adequately
Summary not clearly organized
Summary not organized