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BEFORE READING
Target Skill SKILLS
 STRATEGIES IN CONTEXT
Cause/Effect
Answer Questions
Skills Trace
OBJECTIVES
Test
Selection Test:
Unit 4
Benchmark Tests: Units 4, 6
Reteach/
Review
TE: 3.3 303b, 315, DI•52; 3.4 35b, 49, 71, DI•52; 3.6 293, 331b, 373, DI•53
PB: 3.1 103, 107, 108, 116; 3.2 3, 7,
8, 16, 26, 106, 113, 117, 118, 136
Practice
TE: 3.3 280–281, 3.4 12–13,
3.6 304–305
Introduce/
Teach
Target Skill Cause and Effect
Target Skill Identify causes and effects.
Target Skill Answer questions to understand cause and effect.
INTRODUCE
Write the following sentences on the board: Buster was muddy, so Claire bathed him. Because Buster was muddy, Claire bathed him. Ask students if the two sentences have the same meaning. Then call on volunteers to identify what happened and why it happened. (What happened: Claire bathed Buster; why it happened: Buster was muddy.)
Have students read the information on
p. 12. Explain the following:
  • When we look for causes, we look for why something happened. When we look for effects, we look for what happened.
  • Answering questions about a text can help us identify causes and effects.
Use Skill Transparency 16 to teach cause and effect.
TEACH
1 SKILL Use paragraph 1 to
model how to find causes and effects without clue words.
Think Aloud MODEL Authors don't always use clue words to signal causes and effects, but I can
ask myself what happened: the robin flew away. I can find the cause of this by asking myself why it happened: Drew burned the leaves off the tree. That must have scared the bird.
2 STRATEGY Use the story to
model how to answer questions to understand cause and effect.
Think Aloud MODEL Sometimes, to
answer a question, we have
to reread. When I reread
"A Dragon's Tale," I realize that DeeDee can't find anybody to play with because she scares everyone away with her breath. She has the same problem as Drew.
PRACTICE AND ASSESS
SKILL Drew burnt the tree's leaves
and scared the robin. That is what caused the bird to fly away.
STRATEGY DeeDee says she
can't find anybody to play with because she scares everybody with her breath.
WRITE Have students complete
steps 1 and 2 of the Write to Read activity. You might consider using this as a whole class activity.
Monitor Progress
then… use Practice Book 3.2, p. 3 to provide additional practice.
If… students are unable to complete Write to Read on
p. 12,
Target Skill Cause and Effect
Comprehension
WINGS
Effect
Cause
 Because and so are clue words that show
    a cause and an effect. Sometimes a clue
    word is not used.
Good readers know where to look to answer
a question. Sometimes the answer is right
there in the text. At other times you must think
and search. You may need to look in different
parts of the text. You can do this when you
ask yourself the questions, “What happened?”
and “Why did it happen?”
Strategy: Answer Questions
Strategy
What
happened?
Why did this
happen?
 An effect is what happened.
 A cause tells why something happened.
Cause and Effect
Skill
A Dragon's Tale
Strategy
Answer Questions
Skill
Cause and Effect
     So DeeDee and Drew joked and laughed and
rolled down hills. They baked apples by breathing
on them and became the best of friends.
     “Hey, I have the same problem!” said Drew.
“Would you like to play with me?”
      Drew sighed and leaned against a tree. He
was just about to say, “I guess I’ll play by myself,”
when he heard someone say, “I guess I’ll play by
myself.” On the other side of the tree, he saw a
dragon, and she was about his age.
     “I want to play with someone, but I just scare
everybody off because of my breath,” DeeDee
Dragon explained.
     One morning Drew D. Dragon went searching
for someone to play with. High in a tree he
spotted a robin. “Hello,” he said to the robin.
Whoosh! Crackle! The fire in Drew’s breath
burned the leaves off the tree. The
robin squawked and flew away.
      Later, in a pond, Drew noticed a turtle.
“Hi!” Drew said to the turtle. Whoosh! Crackle!
The fire in his breath made the pond boil. The
turtle jumped out of the hot water, pulled its head
and feet into its shell, and stayed there, looking
like a rock.
Strategy How
would you find
the answer to this
question: Why
wouldn’t anyone
play with DeeDee?
Look in this
paragraph.
Skill Something
has happened here.
There’s no clue
word, but can you
tell what caused
the robin to squawk
and fly away?
Write to Read
2. Answer this question: “What
    happened when Drew said
    ‘Hi’ to the turtle?” Then tell
    where you found the answer.
1. Read “A Dragon’s Tale.” Make
    a graphic organizer like the
    one above for each cause and
    effect that you find.
1
2
 
   
Close  
Access Content
Beginning/Intermediate For a Picture It! lesson on cause and effect, see the ELL Teaching Guide, pp. 106–107.
Advanced Before students read "A Dragon's Tale," have them share what they know about dragons from stories, movies, or television.
Target Skill Cause and Effect Write the question "What happened? (effect)," draw a right arrow, and then write the question "Why did it happen? (cause)" on the board. Write an effect sentence under "What happened?": School was closed yesterday. Write a matching cause sentence under "Why did it happen?": A heavy snow fell during the night. As you continue to add sentences, let students suggest matching cause or effect sentences.
ELL
Strategic Intervention
Practice Book 3.2 p. 3
with | without Answers